Wordpress template tags

For retrieving the name of your blog: link
< ?php bloginfo('name'); ?> (remove space after initial arrow)

Creates a list of all your "pages" (pages are not blog posts, they display static content that you create) link
< ?php wp_list_pages(); ?> (remove space after initial arrow)

Creates a list of your last five posts link
< ?php wp_get_archives('type=postbypost&limit=5'); ?> (remove space after initial arrow)

Creates a list of your categories link
< ?php wp_list_categories(); ?> (remove space after initial arrow)

Finally, and most importantly, the Wordpress LOOP is how you get posts into the body of your page:

The loop starts with:
< ?php if ( have_posts() ) : while ( have_posts() ) : the_post(); ?>

and ends with:
< ?php endwhile; else: ?>
< p>< ?php _e('Sorry, no posts matched your criteria.'); ?>< /p>
< ?php endif; ?>

You place inside this loop everything - html and wordpress template tags - that you want each post to show in your blog. Here's a sample to start with:

< ?php the_title('< h2>', '< /h2>'); ?>
< ?php the_content(); ?>

Wordpress template hierarchy